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CNG - sprężony gaz ziemny

CNG - sprężony gaz ziemny

To skrót od Compressed Natural Gas, czyli w wolnym tłumaczeniu z angielskiego na polski - sprężonego gazu ziemnego. Objętościowo głównym składnikiem tego gazu jest metan (97%). Przechowuje się go w specjalnych zbiornikach, w których ciśnienie jest nawet 200 razy większe od ciśnienia atmosferycznego (20 MPa).

Gaz ziemny zajmujący w normalnych warunkach 15 m3 może zmieścić się do pojemnika o pojemności 80 litrów (i wadze około stu kilogramów). Biorąc pod uwagę konieczność umieszczania od 4 do 6 zbiorników w samochodzie, aby mógł pokonać około 250 kilometrów, zastosowanie CNG jest ograniczone do autobusów i ciężarówek. Obciążenie pojazdu zespołem zbiorników można ograniczyć stosując do budowy zbiorników kompozyty, wtedy ich waga spada do około trzydziestu kilogramów.

Zużycie dm3 benzyny odpowiada zużyciu niecałego m3 gazu ziemnego (jego wartość opałowa wynosi około 35 MJ/m3). Dużym atutem CNG jest możliwość stosowania go w takiej postaci, w jakiej jest wydobywany, czyli nie wymaga żadnych dodatkowych obróbek technologicznych. Silniki zasilane przez instalacje gazowe w tym przypadku również nie muszą być dostosowywane od tego rodzaju paliwa.