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LPG - płynny gaz ropopochodny

LPG - płynny gaz ropopochodny

LPG - płynny gaz ropopochodny

 

LPG to skrót od Liquefied Petroleum Gas i w wolnym tłumaczeniu na polski oznacza płynny gaz ropopochodny. Jest w dzisiejszych czasach niewątpliwie najpopularniejszym płynnym gazem. LPG jest efektem rafinacji - jak sama nazwa wskazuje - ropy naftowej. Najczęściej można natrafić na mieszaniny propanu i butanu (odpowiednio C3H8 i C4H10), które przechowywane są przeważnie (w temperaturze otoczenia) pod ciśnieniem podobnym od atmosferycznego (najwyżej dwa razy większym).  

Jego liczba oktanowa waha się w granicach (w zależności od mieszanki) między 90 a 110 jednostek, co oznacza oczywiście, że nie ustępuje w tym względzie dostępnym powszechnie paliwom benzynowym. Wartość opałowa w przypadku skroplonego propanu-butanu, przy gęstości przekraczającej nieznacznie 0,5 kg/dm3, jest równa 46,1MJ/kg. Wypada więc lepiej w porównaniu z benzyną, której wartość opałowa wynosi mniej - 43,9 MJ/kg.

LPG oprócz powstawania jako efekt uboczny rafinacji ropy naftowej, może być również wytwarzany z gazu ziemnego. Płynny gaz ropopochodny stosuje się powszechnie w rolnictwie, przemyśle chemicznym oraz w gospodarstwach domowych. Najbardziej jest jednak znany jako paliwo samochodowe oraz paliwo napędzające inne maszyny i urządzenia wyposażone w silniki spalinowe. Spalanie LPG w instalacjach samochodowych jest wagowo porównywalne ze spalaniem zwykłej benzyny, objętościowo jednak gaz ten zajmuje około 15% więcej przestrzeni.